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Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 36(1): 54-63, 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-150755

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen diferentes factores que pueden determinar el origen de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Podemos destacar entre ellos presentar un elevado Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y una percepción distorsionada del propio peso, ya que ambos pueden conducir a la insatisfacción corporal y a la realización de conductas nocivas de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el IMC, la percepción de peso y determinados factores psicológicos de los TCA, en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Participaron 248 estudiantes universitarios, con una edad media de 23,43 años. El 10,1% presenta algún tipo de delgadez o bajo peso, y el 17,9% muestran sobrepeso. Se empleó el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3), un cuestionario ad hoc de percepción de peso y se obtuvo el IMC. Resultados: Se registran correlaciones significativas de signo positivo entre el IMC y obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal en mujeres, sujetos con sobrepeso y quienes consideran deben perder peso. Existen diferencias significativas entre los sujetos con sobrepeso y las escalas de obsesión por la delgadez, insatisfacción corporal, bulimia, perfeccionismo y ascetismo. Los sujetos con deseo de perder peso presentan mayor obsesión por la delgadez, la bulimia, la insatisfacción corporal y la baja autoestima. Conclusiones: Un mayor IMC se relaciona con una mayor obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal, factores de riesgo de TCA, mostrando los sujetos mayor preocupación por el cuerpo, las dietas y miedo a engordar, además de descontento con la forma de su cuerpo. Estas características también son definitorias de sujetos con sobrepeso y quienes afirman su necesidad por perder peso (AU)


Introduction: There are many factors that can influence the origin of eating disorders. We would like to highlight a high Body Mass Index (BMI) and a distorted weight perception, These as both can induce lead to body dissatisfaction and high risk conducts. Objective: To analyze the relationship between body mass index, weight perception and certain psychological factors of eating disorders in college students. Methods: 248 students took part, with an average age of 23.43 years. 10.1% of the sample had low weight and 17.9% was overweight. The Inventory of Eating Disorders (EDI-3) and a questionnaire on weight perception were used and the body mass index was obtained. Results: There are significant positive correlations between the BMI, the obsession for being thin and body dissatisfaction in women, as well as between overweight participants and those who consider they should lose weight. Besides, there are significant differences in overweight participants regarding obsession for being thin, body dissatisfaction, bulimia, perfectionism and ascetism. The participants that wish to lose weight show a higher obsession for being thin, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. Conclusions: A higher body mass index is related to a more significant obsession for being thin, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder risk factors. These students are more worried about their body, dieting and fear of getting fat, they are also dissatisfied with their body shape. These characteristics also define overweight respondents and those that confirm their need to lose weight (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Body Mass Index , Self Concept , Body Image , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Body Dysmorphic Disorders/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Psychometrics/instrumentation
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